Leisure constraints among Turkish families: a multi-level approach

Abstract

Despite the increase in the number of recreational facilities in Turkey, participation in leisure activities is still low. It is essential to understand the reasons behind the lack of participation in leisure activities to build better programs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of leisure constraints and motivation on the intention to participate in physical and social leisure activities among Turkish families. Data were collected from a total of 420 individuals from 122 families. Hierarchical Linear Modelling was applied to analyze the data at both the individual and family levels. Results showed that while motivation has a significant influence on constraints and intention, constraints do not influence intention. The significance of the relationships on the family level revealed the influence of family members on each other with regards to motivation, constraints, and intention. The results also supported that study participants prefer social activities over physical ones.